Welcome to the core of our website - the podcast that talks about everything you have to know. This is for those auditory learners out there - listen carefully to everything we say!
"Five Iraqi soldiers waved white flags at its tiny television camera. it was the first time in history that men surrendered to a robot" is at 15:30! Listen to Phoebe :)
If you can't hear clearly due to the annoying background noise (we apologize) , read our TRANSCRIPT below:
Also, it is best advised to listen to the podcast while looking at our interactive Prezis! Feel free to zoom and pan around all you like!
Let's go!
Welcome to Year 2 Buddies Podcast on the 1991 Gulf War
Topics of Discussion for you IB crazy students: “Many twentieth century wars had the characteristics of both a limited and a total war.” With reference to two wars explain to what extent you agree with this statement. (Nov 2008)
Assess the importance of air power in determining the outcome of one twentieth century war.
Definition of a Limited War: A limited war conducted with less than a nation’s total resources and restricted in aim to less than total defeat of the enemy.
limited war.png
Characteristics of a Limited War
1:20 Do you know what a total war is?
Definition of a Total War: is when a country uses all of its human, economic and military resources to fight the war usually with the intent to completely destroy the enemy.
Untitled.png
Characteristics of Total War
1:45 Thank you Nathalie for your clarification! Resources, remember, include soldiers, military and economic resources etc. 1:50 Why was the Gulf War a total war? Check out reasons why it was a total war in regards to Iraq Total destruction of oil fields 600-950 oil fields were burnt when the Iraqis were retreating! "If I can't have it, neither can you!" (Scorched Earth policy) Killing Kuwait Civilians Had public executions, massacres, torture and horrors. They shot Kuwaitis in the street and resistance fighters in front of family. Chemical Weapons Attack (not discussed) Iraq had used chemical weapons in the previous war against Iran and had many of them stored in Khamisiyah. US Department of Defense believes that an undetermined amount of rockets filled with sarin and cyclosporine were released into the atmosphere Purposely bombed Saudi Arabia and Iran (not discussed) SCUD missiles and Chemical Weapons
Saddam-Hussein-9347918-1-402.jpg
"I swear to God we will let our fire eat half of Israel if it tries to wage anything against Iraq." - Saddam Hussein
2:20 Remember to look at the big picture guys! <--Thanks Nathalie again! UN Security Council Resolution 678: Permitted member states to take action against Iraq to the extent only to get Iraq out of Kuwait
3:00Why was the Gulf War a total war? Check out reasons why it was a total war in regards to the US-led Coalition in destroying Iraq. Bombing Campaign
US Operation Instant Thunder was a 43 day bombing campaign similar to that of Bombing of Berlin/London in World War 2.
Destroyed 75% of all electrical-generating facilities
Shut off 90% imports and 97% exports, setting Iraq's economy back to 19th century levels
110,000 civilians died. 70,000 children under 5. Highway Of Death
Learn more here: http://deoxy.org/wc/wc-death.htm Amiriyah Shelter Bombing Burying Iraqi Soldiers Live.
Learn more here: http://www.countercurrents.org/lagauche280210.htm
3:22 840,200 tons of munition bombs of Iraq and Kuwait but they were only 25% accurate!
Are these dumb bombs?
3:40 110,000 civilians die. 70,000 of them children under 5 years old!
3:50 Iraq economy was set back to 19th century levels 4:00 Look at the big picture! Do you remember the ground campaign was 4 days? How about the casualties! Do you know how many people died? 4:48 Total war in Iraq -- Now he makes it clear!
5:00 Highway of Death -- ooh something controversial!
5:30 Check out the Washington Post article at 6:00 Let's compare World War 2 (The Ultimate Total War) and Gulf War $4.7 trillion vs $1.2 billion
6:35 World War 2 is a whole world war! You can't compare this though!
6:50 Small scale wars can be total war too remember! 7:10 Conscription was introduced to those 18 7:20 The war was limited to the coalition forces to force the Iraqis out of Kuwait, regardless of whatever other intersts they had. Interested in knowing more? Check out this website!
7:44 Compare World War Two with the Gulf War: both wars used propaganda (a characteristic of total war) 7:58 Use of propaganda in the USA during Gulf War- the Annex Foxtrot! This was essentially a censorship by the military (only selected journalists etc.) 8:19 Using propaganda, both sides tried to sway the opinions of the homefromt
8:27 Now we go to TECHNOLOGY AND THE GULF WAR
8:36 The media's impact on the Gulf War "The More We Watched, The Less We Knew" 8:52 Why should we look at the media in the Gulf War? Noelle Nurman argued that " mass media play a central role in this process by creating the climate that shapes perceptions, influencing choices of debate or self-censorship.”
9:06 Gulf War considered the first big 'televised war' Why? 9:14 60% of American households during the Gulf War had TVs and had access to 36 channels...most imporantly access to CNN 9:27 Most American adults heard about the Gulf War either by radio or TV
9:39 A little bit of cartoon analysis (Yay! Source Work practice!) by Phoebe and JT. Notice the word 'series'. To see the comic, check out our Cool Media Aid page
10:18 Many accused the government of using media to manipulate 10:24 What is CNN's role? They had 24 hours of continuous reporting on the Gulf War 10:36 They weren't innocent either...CNN's Bernard Shaw replaced the word 'enemy' with 'Iraqi', creating negative connotations
10:56 Study by University of Massachusetts found that media (esp. TV) influenced public opinions on war 11:05 They found that heavy TV watchers were more likely to support the war 11:12 Also found that most supporters didn't know the real causes or consequences of the War
11:34 One of the reasons for relying on media to sway opinions was due to the Vietnam War
11:41 They wanted to make the Gulf War as bloodless as possible 11:49 Military restricted footage from aeroplanes to make it look like 'Hollywood', 84% of viewers actually liked the footage they saw on TV
12:10 The' Video Game War'. Gulf War is actually a genre for video games! 12:20 This made the Gulf War seem cool. E.g. Games like 'Total Carnage' and 'Desert Assault' 12:27 Influences the younger/next generation on how they view the war. More glorified than bloody! 12:34 “A cost-free victory. A push-button, remote-control war won without casualties. Surgical strikes that wipe out military targets while sparing civilians” (John Barry, Daily Beast)
12:53 Gulf War and Military Technology 12:56 USA's weapons were vastly superior
13:08 main factors for helping American’s wind 13:19 night vision and GPS helped them get through smoke and desert. Due to GPS and night vision – the Americans could own the night and take the route where Saddam Hussein didn’t except them to take. 14:03 it further reduced the percentage of friendly fire 14:10 Saddam Hussein’s military forces were 4th largest armed forces in the world but the American’s have better forces 14:22 the M1A1 abrams tanks in the US forces compared to Iraq’s T72 were much better in shooting range (a thousand meters). 14:47 Efficient American air refueling planes. It could perform the task bombing and refueling at the same time. Double Mission 15:31 The machines of the US forces were so horrifying to the Iraq forces, they surrendered to a drone. American technology was so superior that the Iraq forces knew they were going to lose which explained their fear of a drone.
16:08 Back to Video games…
16:37 Extreme stories are used to gain support for the War. 16:55 The stories appeared even on the most critical magazines Times. 17:48we’re not anti-America! The stories were not just posted in American magazines! Even BBC banned songs such as “we can work it out” and “everyone wants to rule the world” which completely went to governmental views.
17:58 Conclusion! We can all agree on the fact that technology, propaganda and media played an important role in the Gulf War, even though it can be debated whether the war was actually limited or total.
"Five Iraqi soldiers waved white flags at its tiny television camera. it was the first time in history that men surrendered to a robot" is at 15:30! Listen to Phoebe :)
If you can't hear clearly due to the annoying background noise (we apologize) , read our TRANSCRIPT below:
Also, it is best advised to listen to the podcast while looking at our interactive Prezis! Feel free to zoom and pan around all you like!
Let's go!
Welcome to Year 2 Buddies Podcast on the 1991 Gulf War
Topics of Discussion for you IB crazy students:“Many twentieth century wars had the characteristics of both a limited and a total war.” With reference to two wars explain to what extent you agree with this statement. (Nov 2008)
Assess the importance of air power in determining the outcome of one twentieth century war.
0:20-0:40 Know nothing about the Gulf War? This is just the place to find out more!
0:45 Please visit our timeline at the following link if the embed doesn't work!
http://prezi.com/aqafgece7nja/timeline-gulfwar-phoebo-nat-jt/?kw=view-aqafgece7nja&rc=ref-9871750
1:00 Do you know what is a limited war?
Definition of a Limited War:
A limited war conducted with less than a nation’s total resources and restricted in aim to less than total defeat of the enemy.
1:20 Do you know what a total war is?
Definition of a Total War:
is when a country uses all of its human, economic and military resources to fight the war usually with the intent to completely destroy the enemy.
1:45 Thank you Nathalie for your clarification! Resources, remember, include soldiers, military and economic resources etc.
1:50 Why was the Gulf War a total war? Check out reasons why it was a total war in regards to Iraq
Total destruction of oil fields
600-950 oil fields were burnt when the Iraqis were retreating!
"If I can't have it, neither can you!" (Scorched Earth policy)
Killing Kuwait Civilians
Had public executions, massacres, torture and horrors. They shot Kuwaitis in the street and resistance fighters in front of family.
Chemical Weapons Attack (not discussed)
Iraq had used chemical weapons in the previous war against Iran and had many of them stored in Khamisiyah. US Department of Defense believes that an undetermined amount of rockets filled with sarin and cyclosporine were released into the atmosphere
Purposely bombed Saudi Arabia and Iran (not discussed)
SCUD missiles and Chemical Weapons
2:20 Remember to look at the big picture guys! <--Thanks Nathalie again!
UN Security Council Resolution 678: Permitted member states to take action against Iraq to the extent only to get Iraq out of Kuwait
3:00 Why was the Gulf War a total war? Check out reasons why it was a total war in regards to the US-led Coalition in destroying Iraq.
Bombing Campaign
US Operation Instant Thunder was a 43 day bombing campaign similar to that of Bombing of Berlin/London in World War 2.
Destroyed 75% of all electrical-generating facilities
Shut off 90% imports and 97% exports, setting Iraq's economy back to 19th century levels
110,000 civilians died. 70,000 children under 5.
Highway Of Death
Learn more here:
http://deoxy.org/wc/wc-death.htm
Amiriyah Shelter Bombing
Burying Iraqi Soldiers Live.
Learn more here:
http://www.countercurrents.org/lagauche280210.htm
3:22 840,200 tons of munition bombs of Iraq and Kuwait but they were only 25% accurate!
3:40 110,000 civilians die. 70,000 of them children under 5 years old!
3:50 Iraq economy was set back to 19th century levels
4:00 Look at the big picture! Do you remember the ground campaign was 4 days? How about the casualties! Do you know how many people died?
4:48 Total war in Iraq -- Now he makes it clear!
5:00 Highway of Death -- ooh something controversial!
5:30 Check out the Washington Post article at
6:00 Let's compare World War 2 (The Ultimate Total War) and Gulf War
$4.7 trillion vs $1.2 billion
6:35 World War 2 is a whole world war! You can't compare this though!
6:50 Small scale wars can be total war too remember!
7:10 Conscription was introduced to those 18
7:20 The war was limited to the coalition forces to force the Iraqis out of Kuwait, regardless of whatever other intersts they had. Interested in knowing more? Check out this website!
7:44 Compare World War Two with the Gulf War: both wars used propaganda (a characteristic of total war)
7:58 Use of propaganda in the USA during Gulf War- the Annex Foxtrot! This was essentially a censorship by the military (only selected journalists etc.)
8:19 Using propaganda, both sides tried to sway the opinions of the homefromt
8:27 Now we go to TECHNOLOGY AND THE GULF WAR
8:36 The media's impact on the Gulf War "The More We Watched, The Less We Knew"
8:52 Why should we look at the media in the Gulf War? Noelle Nurman argued that " mass media play a central role in this process by creating the climate that shapes perceptions, influencing choices of debate or self-censorship.”
9:06 Gulf War considered the first big 'televised war' Why?
9:14 60% of American households during the Gulf War had TVs and had access to 36 channels...most imporantly access to CNN
9:27 Most American adults heard about the Gulf War either by radio or TV
9:39 A little bit of cartoon analysis (Yay! Source Work practice!) by Phoebe and JT. Notice the word 'series'. To see the comic, check out our Cool Media Aid page
10:18 Many accused the government of using media to manipulate
10:24 What is CNN's role? They had 24 hours of continuous reporting on the Gulf War
10:36 They weren't innocent either...CNN's Bernard Shaw replaced the word 'enemy' with 'Iraqi', creating negative connotations
10:56 Study by University of Massachusetts found that media (esp. TV) influenced public opinions on war
11:05 They found that heavy TV watchers were more likely to support the war
11:12 Also found that most supporters didn't know the real causes or consequences of the War
11:34 One of the reasons for relying on media to sway opinions was due to the Vietnam War
11:41 They wanted to make the Gulf War as bloodless as possible
11:49 Military restricted footage from aeroplanes to make it look like 'Hollywood', 84% of viewers actually liked the footage they saw on TV
12:10 The' Video Game War'. Gulf War is actually a genre for video games!
12:20 This made the Gulf War seem cool. E.g. Games like 'Total Carnage' and 'Desert Assault'
12:27 Influences the younger/next generation on how they view the war. More glorified than bloody!
12:34 “A cost-free victory. A push-button, remote-control war won without casualties. Surgical strikes that wipe out military targets while sparing civilians” (John Barry, Daily Beast)
12:53 Gulf War and Military Technology
12:56 USA's weapons were vastly superior
13:08 main factors for helping American’s wind
13:19 night vision and GPS helped them get through smoke and desert. Due to GPS and night vision – the Americans could own the night and take the route where Saddam Hussein didn’t except them to take.
14:03 it further reduced the percentage of friendly fire
14:10 Saddam Hussein’s military forces were 4th largest armed forces in the world but the American’s have better forces
14:22 the M1A1 abrams tanks in the US forces compared to Iraq’s T72 were much better in shooting range (a thousand meters).
14:47 Efficient American air refueling planes. It could perform the task bombing and refueling at the same time. Double Mission
15:31 The machines of the US forces were so horrifying to the Iraq forces, they surrendered to a drone. American technology was so superior that the Iraq forces knew they were going to lose which explained their fear of a drone.
16:08 Back to Video games…
16:37 Extreme stories are used to gain support for the War.
16:55 The stories appeared even on the most critical magazines Times.
17:48 we’re not anti-America! The stories were not just posted in American magazines! Even BBC banned songs such as “we can work it out” and “everyone wants to rule the world” which completely went to governmental views.
17:58 Conclusion! We can all agree on the fact that technology, propaganda and media played an important role in the Gulf War, even though it can be debated whether the war was actually limited or total.